LoRaWAN in Environmental Monitoring: Balancing End-to-End Encryption and Low-Latency Requirements for Real-Time Hazard Alerts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63503/j.ijcma.2025.116Keywords:
LoRaWAN, Environmental Monitoring, End-to-End Encryption, Low-Latency Networks, Hazard Alerts, Secure Communications, Real-Time Systems, Wireless Sensor Networks, LPWAN OptimizationAbstract
Environmental hazards that are increasing in number such as floods and wildfires together with toxic gas emissions demand systems for real-time monitoring with secure low-latency communication capabilities. The LoRaWAN version of Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWANs) presents itself as a compelling choice for extensive environmental monitoring because they offer extended coverage and save energy and scale well. Pursuing excellent end-to-end encryption while maintaining minimal delay times creates essential obstacles for systems designed to warn about hazards. Security measures based on encryption lead to impaired speed in data transfers but weakening these measures can result in unprotected communication of vital data. The success of hazard warning infrastructure requires figuring out how to respond to these operational conflicts. Several design approaches focus on LoRaWAN environmental monitoring system optimization through data rate adjustments and channel priority systems together with low-resource encryption methods. The adjustment of critical network elements through analysis helps achieve faster data transmissions alongside better confidentiality protection at normal resource utilization levels. Multiple network elements including sensor nodes, gateway systems and backhaul networks affect the precise relationship between encryption quality and response speeds during LoRaWAN operations. This research describes an end-to-end LoRaWAN framework which implements encryption optimization together with alert delay reduction using dynamic resource management and network scheduling approaches. The simulated system generates superior results for transmission efficiency alongside superior security measurements when compared to basic platforms. The proposed framework shows its effectiveness for critical environmental monitoring by using quantitative evaluations measuring delay times along with dropped packets and encryption performance measurements.
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